SGDOptimizer

class paddle.fluid.optimizer. SGDOptimizer ( learning_rate, parameter_list=None, regularization=None, grad_clip=None, name=None ) [source]

Optimizer of the stochastic gradient descent algorithm.

\[param\_out = param - learning\_rate * grad\]
Parameters

  • learning_rate (float|Variable) – The learning rate used to update parameters. Can be a float value or a Variable with one float value as data element.

  • parameter_list (Iterable, optional) – Iterable of Variable names to update to minimize loss. This parameter is required in dygraph mode. The default value is None in static mode, at this time all parameters will be updated.

  • regularization (WeightDecayRegularizer, optional) –

    The strategy of regularization. There are two method:

    api_fluid_regularizer_L1Decay , api_fluid_regularizer_L2Decay . If a parameter has set

    System Message: WARNING/2 (/usr/local/lib/python3.8/site-packages/paddle/fluid/optimizer.py:docstring of paddle.fluid.optimizer.SGDOptimizer, line 17)

    Definition list ends without a blank line; unexpected unindent.

    regularizer using api_fluid_ParamAttr already, the regularization setting here in optimizer will be ignored for this parameter. Otherwise, the regularization setting here in optimizer will take effect. Default None, meaning there is no regularization.

  • grad_clip (GradientClipBase, optional) – Gradient cliping strategy, it’s an instance of some derived class of GradientClipBase . There are three cliping strategies ( api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByGlobalNorm , api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByNorm , api_fluid_clip_GradientClipByValue ). Default None, meaning there is no gradient clipping.

  • name (str, optional) – This parameter is used by developers to print debugging information. For details, please refer to Name. Default is None.

Examples

import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid
import numpy as np

place = fluid.CPUPlace()
main = fluid.Program()
with fluid.program_guard(main):
    x = fluid.layers.data(name='x', shape=[13], dtype='float32')
    y = fluid.layers.data(name='y', shape=[1], dtype='float32')
    y_predict = fluid.layers.fc(input=x, size=1, act=None)
    cost = fluid.layers.square_error_cost(input=y_predict, label=y)
    avg_cost = fluid.layers.mean(cost)

    sgd_optimizer = fluid.optimizer.SGD(learning_rate=0.001)
    sgd_optimizer.minimize(avg_cost)

    fetch_list = [avg_cost]
    train_reader = paddle.batch(
        paddle.dataset.uci_housing.train(), batch_size=1)
    feeder = fluid.DataFeeder(place=place, feed_list=[x, y])
    exe = fluid.Executor(place)
    exe.run(fluid.default_startup_program())
    for data in train_reader():
        exe.run(main, feed=feeder.feed(data), fetch_list=fetch_list)
clear_gradients ( )

Clear the gradients of all optimized parameters for model.

If not, new gradient will accumulat on previous gradient.

Returns

None

Examples

import paddle.fluid as fluid
import numpy as np

with fluid.dygraph.guard():
    value = np.arange(26).reshape(2, 13).astype("float32")
    a = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(value)
    linear = fluid.Linear(13, 5, dtype="float32")
    # This can be any optimizer supported by dygraph.
    adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(learning_rate = 0.01,
                                parameter_list = linear.parameters())
    out = linear(a)
    out.backward()
    adam.minimize(out)
    adam.clear_gradients()
current_step_lr ( )
Api_attr

imperative

Get current step learning rate. The return value is all the same When LearningRateDecay is not used, otherwise return the step learning rate.

Returns

The learning rate of the current step.

Return type

float

Examples

import paddle.fluid as fluid
import numpy as np

# example1: LearningRateDecay is not used, return value is all the same
with fluid.dygraph.guard():
    emb = fluid.dygraph.Embedding([10, 10])
    adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(0.001, parameter_list = emb.parameters())
    lr = adam.current_step_lr()
    print(lr) # 0.001

# example2: PiecewiseDecay is used, return the step learning rate
with fluid.dygraph.guard():
    inp = np.random.uniform(-0.1, 0.1, [10, 10]).astype("float32")
    linear = fluid.dygraph.nn.Linear(10, 10)
    inp = fluid.dygraph.to_variable(inp)
    out = linear(inp)
    loss = fluid.layers.reduce_mean(out)

    bd = [2, 4, 6, 8]
    value = [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0]
    adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(fluid.dygraph.PiecewiseDecay(bd, value, 0),
                           parameter_list=linear.parameters())

    # first step: learning rate is 0.2
    np.allclose(adam.current_step_lr(), 0.2, rtol=1e-06, atol=0.0) # True

    # learning rate for different steps
    ret = [0.2, 0.2, 0.4, 0.4, 0.6, 0.6, 0.8, 0.8, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0]
    for i in range(12):
        adam.minimize(loss)
        lr = adam.current_step_lr()
        np.allclose(lr, ret[i], rtol=1e-06, atol=0.0) # True
minimize ( loss, startup_program=None, parameter_list=None, no_grad_set=None )

Add operations to minimize loss by updating parameter_list.

Parameters

  • loss (Variable) – A Variable containing the value to minimize.

  • startup_program (Program, optional) – api_fluid_Program for initializing parameters in parameter_list. The default value is None, at this time api_fluid_default_startup_program will be used.

  • parameter_list (Iterable, optional) – Iterable of Variable or Variable.name to update to minimize loss. The default value is None, at this time all parameters will be updated.

  • no_grad_set (set, optional) – Set of Variable or Variable.name that don’t need to be updated. The default value is None.

Returns

tuple (optimize_ops, params_grads), A list of operators appended by minimize and a list of (param, grad) variable pairs, param is Parameter, grad is the gradient value corresponding to the parameter. The returned tuple can be passed to fetch_list in Executor.run() to indicate program pruning. If so, the program will be pruned by feed and fetch_list before run, see details in Executor.

Return type

tuple

Examples

Please refer to the example of current Optimizer.

set_dict ( state_dict )

Load optimizer state dict. For Adam optimizer, contains beta1, beta2, momentum etc. If LearningRateDecay have been used, global_step will be changed.

Parameters

state_dict (dict) – Dict contains all the Variable needed by optimizer

Returns

None

Examples

import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid

paddle.disable_static()

emb = paddle.nn.Embedding(10, 10)

state_dict = emb.state_dict()
fluid.save_dygraph(state_dict, "paddle_dy")

scheduler = paddle.optimizer.lr.NoamDecay(
    d_model=0.01, warmup_steps=100, verbose=True)
adam = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
    learning_rate=scheduler,
    parameters=emb.parameters())
state_dict = adam.state_dict()
fluid.save_dygraph(state_dict, "paddle_dy")

para_state_dict, opti_state_dict = fluid.load_dygraph("paddle_dy")
set_lr ( value )
Api_attr

imperative

Set the value of the learning rate manually in the optimizer. If the optimizer use LearningRateDecay, this API cannot be invoked, because it will lead to conflict.

Parameters

value (float|Variable) – the value of learning rate

Returns

None

Examples

import paddle.fluid as fluid

with fluid.dygraph.guard():
    linear = fluid.dygraph.nn.Linear(10, 10)

    adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(0.1, parameter_list=linear.parameters())

    # set learning rate manually by python float value
    lr_list = [0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6]
    for i in range(5):
        adam.set_lr(lr_list[i])
        lr = adam.current_step_lr()
        print("current lr is {}".format(lr))
    # Print:
    #    current lr is 0.2
    #    current lr is 0.3
    #    current lr is 0.4
    #    current lr is 0.5
    #    current lr is 0.6


    # set learning rate manually by framework Variable
    lr_var = fluid.layers.create_global_var(
        shape=[1], value=0.7, dtype='float32')
    adam.set_lr(lr_var)
    lr = adam.current_step_lr()
    print("current lr is {}".format(lr))
    # Print:
    #    current lr is 0.7
set_state_dict ( state_dict )

Load optimizer state dict. For Adam optimizer, contains beta1, beta2, momentum etc. If LearningRateDecay have been used, global_step will be changed.

Parameters

state_dict (dict) – Dict contains all the Variable needed by optimizer

Returns

None

Examples

import paddle
import paddle.fluid as fluid

paddle.disable_static()

emb = paddle.nn.Embedding(10, 10)

state_dict = emb.state_dict()
fluid.save_dygraph(state_dict, "paddle_dy")

scheduler = paddle.optimizer.lr.NoamDecay(
    d_model=0.01, warmup_steps=100, verbose=True)
adam = paddle.optimizer.Adam(
    learning_rate=scheduler,
    parameters=emb.parameters())
state_dict = adam.state_dict()
fluid.save_dygraph(state_dict, "paddle_dy")

para_state_dict, opti_state_dict = fluid.load_dygraph("paddle_dy")
state_dict ( )

Get state dict information from optimizer. It contain all the variable used by optimizer. For Adam optimizer, contains beta1, beta2, momentum etc. If LearningRateDecay have been used, global_step will be include in state dict. If the optimizer never be called(minimize function), the state_dict is empty.

Args: None :returns: dict contains all the variable used by optimizer :rtype: state_dict(dict)

Examples

import paddle.fluid as fluid

with fluid.dygraph.guard():
    emb = fluid.dygraph.Embedding([10, 10])

    adam = fluid.optimizer.Adam(0.001, parameter_list=emb.parameters())
    state_dict = adam.state_dict()